identify and explain inequalities between and within countries

•identifying inequalities between countries

          •MEDCs are generally found in the North

          •LEDCs are in Africa

          •NICs are spread around, BRICs, and are often in the South of the world 

•explaining inequalities between countries

          •physical geography 

                    •landlocked countries cannot trade using coasts

                    •poor climate reduces the amount of food being produced, selling less

                    •poor farming land ideas to no cops 

                    •lack of water makes it harder to produce food

                    •natural hazards ruin current infrastructure, wasting government money

                    •lack of raw materials mean they have less to sell and spend on development 

          •political factors

                    •an unstable government won’t invest into improving quality of life

                    •corrupt governments mean money is diverted

                    •countries in war loses money that could be spent, destroying infrastructure and life

                    •Communism means wealth is distributed over more people 

          •economic factors

                    •poor trade links means it can’t import or export, reducing chance for development 

                    •lots of debt means high interest rates, and can’t be used elsewhere

                    •reliance on primary products doesn't produce much money, making little profit 

                    •open economies means welcome foreign investment, reducing potential corruption

          

          •social factors

                    •unsafe drinking water means lots of illness, reducing the workforce

                    •women may not be equal, and less likely to be educated, reducing economic

                     contributions 

                    •previously colonised countries were left with political and economical problems 

                    •high population means high economic demand, holding back economic development 

•identifying inequalities within a country

          •the UK North, South divide (core vs periphery)

          •urban vs rural (esp. in LEDCs) 

          •MEDCs - outer cities vs inner / squatter settlements vs wealthy districts 

•explaining inequalities within a country

          •access to jobs

                    •no access means no income 

                    •low population density in rural areas means missing potential from low urban dwellers

                    •tourism and mechanisation means decline in local farming / industrial production 

                    •changes in industry means many are left unemployed

          •political power

                    •bias towards areas close to government buildings

                    •puts money into certain chosen areas

                    •ignores other areas which are less popular 

          •transport links

                    •lack of transport means isolation, limiting new contacts to an area

          •education

                    •uneducated areas can’t get jobs

                    •deterrent to investors since they are less trained 

                    •more educated may have smaller families, so are able to invest

                    •those in the informal sector are low-paid and are often part-time 

          •land ownership 

                    •land tenure means that the poor are being exploited, unable to improve their situation