demonstrate an understanding of an industrial system: inputs, processes and outputs (products and waste)

•inputs: •raw materials, labour, energy, capital

•processes: •processing raw materials, assembling components, packaging, administration

•outputs: •profit, by-products, waste, products 

•industry types

          •manufacturing: •the physical process of making the product / refinery of raw materials 

                    •heavy industry: •manufacturing large articles in bulk e.g iron and steel

                    •light industry: •manufacturing light, small articles - sometime high tech. e.g phones 

          •processing: •the steps of manufacturing directed to some end, processing raw materials reducing bulk and increasing value  

          •assembly: •the industry that put the components together. Components may be made elsewhere 

          •high-technology industry: •companies that make technological products 

          •market orientated: •where the location is drawn to the market, reducing transport costs

          •raw-material orientated: •where the location is drawn to the materials, reducing transport

          •capital intensive: •requires lots of money, investing a high amount on machines - a ratio 

          •labour intensive: •a large workforce of different skills, but not necessarily expensive  a ratio  

          •national: •many small firms only manufacture in one country 

          •trans-national: •large companies in more than two countries