case study: an industrial zone or factory

•case study: International Industrial Business Zone, Bangalore

•located in the SE of India, and is known as the ‘Silicon Valley’ of India

•has a wet season monsoon with a tropical savannah climate

•generally flat land, especially at West at the Mysore Plateau 

•temperature between 36 and 16 degrees, and is 900m above sea level

•population of 9.6 million - x4 in only 30 years 

•how factors have influenced:

          •location 

                    •it is close to the airport 51km

                    •only 1km from the Goods Loading Terminal train station 

                    •the International Tech. Park is on the rural-urban fringe 

                    •4500ft is an optimum climate for scientific exploration, said by Sir Ramsay 

                    •Sarjapur Outer Ring Road surrounds the city centre in a circle, only 8.7km away

                    •very flat land - the city is surrounded by mountains West and North 

                    •heliport is close by - OSS Whitefield is 2.5km away

                    •there are about 50 dedicated IT universities, e.g Indian Institute of Science and Bangalore University, and 21 engineering colleges 

                    •500 ICT companies e.g Siemens 

                    •dust-free environment made it ideal for government to set up companies

                    •located as their is a high number of skilled ICT staff, with 80 million speaking English

                

          •scale of production

                    •very flat land - the city is surrounded by mountains West and North 

                    •received large-scale foreign investment in high technology when Texas Instruments chose the city

                    •land allows room for expansion, with 25 companies close around the International Industrial Business Zone  

                    •located as their is a high number of skilled ICT staff, with 80 million speaking English

                    •International Tech. Park was assisted by Singapore

                    •cheaper labour means quick expansion was enabled from foreign outsourcing companies 

          •methods of organisation 

                    •highly innovative, and is capital intensive

                    •the high tech manufacturing e.g Hewlett Packard is more capital intensive

                    •the service sector here would be more labour intensive - scientific research and development led e.g Biocon, Infosys. Some are startups but many are TNCs

          •range of products manufactured

                    •close to transport links means that companies can easily send out employees

                    •previous heavy industries are still here - Toyota has a plant and Volvo has its trucks 

                    •aerospace industries are here as well, such as Boeing and Airbus with research for the Indian Air Force 

                    •many IT companies have offices here e.g Hewlett and Packard and Oracle 

                    •Huawei has offices, creating software 

                    •consultancy services are available e.g from Tata 

•benefits of the growth of Bangalore’s industry 

          •increasing employment rate 10% annually in these technological centres as India is attractive due to its cheap labour and tax breaks  

          •more jobs are being created due to outsourcing, improving wealth (13.6% increase yearly)

          •20% rental value increase in the first quarter of 2013, contributing to 34% of the GDP

          •changed its skyline, with new skyscrapers e.g UB Tower 120m, attracting westerners 

          •led to an increase demand in apartments, in Whitefield and Electronic City 

            

•negatives of the growth of Bangalore’s industry 

          •draws many from the countryside to the city - 60% population increase in the last decade

          •20% rental value increase in the first quarter of 2013, forcing some to live in slums

          •the ‘Dalits’ (untouchables), are still discriminated against

          •5 million vehicles block roads and cause traffic jams due to its poorly laid out roads

          •large garbage problem - generates 3000 tonnes of solid waste but only 1/3 is composted           

          •clean sanitation water isn't still completely in place as 43% live in multidimensional poverty