describe the impacts of urban growth on both rural and urban areas, along with possible solutions to reduce the negative impacts

•impacts of urbanisation on rural areas (and people)

          •remittence from moved workers

          •reduces environmental pressure 

          •less unemployment in the town centre

          

          •elderly isolation 

          •less young male workers in the for labour

          •unbalanced population of women and elderly vs. working male

          •declining shops and services not meeting the threshold 

•impacts of urbanisation on urban areas (and people)

          •there aren't enough jobs in urban areas, especially for migrants

          •many may move from rural poverty to urban poverty, with quick spreads of disease 

          •many work in the informal sector since they are unskilled

          •overcrowding means pressure on infrastructure and services in urban areas

          •a desire for housing means a rise in prices, placing more people below the poverty line 

          •provides cheap labour for jobs in industry 

          •it concentrates the population geographically making it easier to provide people with basic services 

          •industrial growth provides employment 

          •new businesses and enterprises creates more employment, benefiting the local economy

          •increase in crime rate due to higher pollution density and less control  

          

         

         

•impacts of urbanisation on the environment 

          •very poor air quality due to traffic congestion, which produces smog etc.

          •it has poor water quality - raw sewage flows into the sea 

          •those in poverty may cause visual and noise pollution 

•solutions to urbanisation on the environment 

          •providing more frequent and cheaper public transport to ease congestion

          •park and ride schemes, forcing people to travel by other transport or by foot

          •congestion charging so that people are charged extra

          •providing discounted travel tickets, allowing cheaper overall public transportation 

          •increase parking charges / fines to deter offenders 

          

•the characteristics of squatter settlements 

          •disease: •there is no effective sewage system and the dirt between open tracks serve as open sewers

                          •waste is dumped outside, attracting flies and rats that carry diseases

                          •communal taps are shared by lots of families, so cholera is common 

          •poor building construction: •squatter settlements are unplanned are illegal 

                                                       •the homes are not watertight, warm or hygienic and are made of basic materials 

                                                       •a fire can move quickly through the slums 

                                                       •they are under constant threat of being bulldozed 

          •crime and anti-social behaviour: •domestic stress levels are high given the high population densities so family arguments are common

                                                               •many abandoned children join street gangs

                                                                

          •lack of government services: •city authorities do not recognise illegal settlements 

                                                          •they do not provide rubbish collection, police fire and health service or formal schools 

                                                          •there is extreme poverty and high unemployment